Cantu, Nario

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

Published Date: 5/26/2025

State(s): TX

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe outcomes after adopting the CPESN Pharmacy Care at Home model in a border community pharmacy.

Method(s): Program narrative from Cantu’s Pharmacy, scaling home-based services after joining PCaH.

Results: Scaled to ~100 patients; improved access and operational viability reported.

Conclusion(s): PCaH can be scaled in independent pharmacies to meet patient needs while sustaining the business.

Keywords: PCAH; chronic care; home-based care; access; reimbursement

Access here.

VanderHouwen, Kari; CPESN Washington; Big Tree Medical

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): WA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe pharmacy affiliation with Big Tree Medical special purpose program.

Method(s): Pharmacy-clinic integration to reopen a clinic and align with primary care.

Results: Enhanced access through co-location/affiliation; patient enrollment goals set.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacy-primary care affiliation models can expand access in underserved areas.

Keywords: primary care; clinic; affiliation; access; innovative care

Access here.

Holston Medical Group; CPESN Northeast Tennessee

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): TN

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe ACO-pharmacy partnership enabling referrals, EMR access, and care coordination.

Method(s): Physician group partnership with CPESN NET pharmacies provides referrals and EHR communication.

Results: Improved coordination and outcomes; statin adherence gains reported elsewhere for similar partnerships.

Conclusion(s): Direct EMR connectivity and referral pathways increase pharmacist impact in ACO models.

Keywords: ACO; EMR; referrals; adherence; Medicare

Access here.

ASHP Podcast Team

ASHP — Pharmacy Leadership

Published Date: 10/09/2022

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Outline operational considerations for hospital-at-home models in small and rural settings.

Method(s): Interview/discussion on workflows, staffing, and technology.

Results: [AI Generated] Key process, staffing, and compliance insights for hospital-at-home.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Hospital-at-home can extend acute-level care access in rural communities with the right infrastructure.

Keywords: hospital-at-home; telemedicine; access; rural

Access here.

CPESN USA; Mobility Health

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): Multi-state

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Announce expansion of lab services (COVID/flu/etc.) access for CPESN pharmacies.

Method(s): Nationwide partnership with Mobility Health to provide lab services through pharmacies.

Results: Improved access to testing services at community pharmacies nationwide.

Conclusion(s): Lab partnerships can expand point-of-care services in community settings.

Keywords: testing; COVID-19; influenza; lab services; access

Access here.

CPESN USA; Health Quality Innovators

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): KS; MO; SC; VA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize multi-network vaccination campaign outcomes and economic value.

Method(s): CPESN + HQI partnership; 279 clinics between Sep 25–Oct 30, 2024 across four states.

Results: 12,795 immunizations; estimated $59M+ healthcare cost savings (~$4,000 per vaccine).

Conclusion(s): Large-scale, pharmacist-led vaccine initiatives can deliver substantial public-health and financial value.

Keywords: vaccination; Medicare; Medicare; value; public health; reimbursement

Access here.

Barefield, Kimberly L.; DeBellis, Heather F.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 06/18/2019

State(s):

Objective(s): Review community pharmacist roles in COPD detection and management.

Method(s): Narrative review of interventions such as smoking cessation, immunizations, spirometry, MTM, adherence counseling, and transitions of care.

Results: Evidence that pharmacists improve outcomes and reduce costs for COPD patients.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacists are well-positioned to deliver interventions that improve COPD outcomes.

Keywords: COPD; MTM; adherence; spirometry; immunization; smoking cessation; transitions of care

Access here.

Motlohi, Nthabiseng Florina; Wiafe, Ebenezer; Mensah, Kofi Boamah; Padayachee, Neelaveni; Petrus, Ruwayda; Bangalee, Varsha; et al.

Systematic Review Journal

Published Date: 2023

State(s): Multiple (Global)

Objective(s): To systematically analyze community pharmacists' roles in cardiovascular disease management via ECHO programs

Method(s): Systematic literature review and qualitative synthesis

Results: Pharmacists contributed to medication management, patient education, lifestyle counseling, adherence support

Conclusion(s): Pharmacists enhance cardiovascular prevention and control through ECHO support globally

Keywords: cardiovascular; pharmacists; ECHO model; prevention; adherence

Access here.

Calandra, Julia; Shukla, Shuchin; Grandy, Rebecca

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 06/16/2022

State(s): North Carolina

Objective(s): Describe strategies used by an academic family medicine practice to improve access and equity for HIV, HCV, and SUD.

Method(s): Practice description highlighting co-located services, telehealth, multidisciplinary teams, community partnerships, and learner training.

Results: Shows how pharmacist-led, team-based models address SDOH barriers and improve access in rural populations.

Conclusion(s): Provides adaptable strategies for similar sites to expand equitable care; pharmacists play key leadership roles.

Keywords: Appalachia; HIV; hepatitis C; substance use disorder; telehealth; equity; access; rural

Access here.

Foster, Amanda A.; Daly, Christopher J.; Logan, Tripp; Logan Jr, Richard; Jarvis, Heather; Croce, John; Jalal, Zarina; Trygstad, Troy; Bowers, David; Clark, Brian; Moore, Sarah; Jacobs, David M.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (JAPhA)

Published Date: 05/04/2021

State(s): U.S. (general)

Objective(s): Outline community-pharmacy practice models that address SDoH and discuss pathways for reimbursement and sustainability.

Method(s): Narrative review/commentary synthesizing emerging models and practical examples.

Results: Describes multiple models that integrate pharmacies with public health, social services, and community organizations; highlights need for standardized workflows and payment mechanisms. [AI-drafted summary from publisher abstract]

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies are well positioned to reduce inequities by addressing SDoH via cross-sector partnerships; durable reimbursement is necessary for scale.

Keywords: equity; reimbursement; MTM; training; partnerships; delivery; SDoH

Access here.

Zobeck, Bryan; Carson, Erin; MacDowell, Martin; Hunt, Aaron; Reeder, Austin

Clinical Pharmacy Research Report

Published Date:

State(s): Illinois

Objective(s): Assess appointment volume and patient perception after initiating drive-up INR testing.

Method(s): Cross-sectional cohort survey (May–July 2020) with retrospective schedule review (Oct 2019–Jun 2020).

Results: 64/80 surveys; 46.6% preferred drive-up; volumes rebounded after implementation; 59.3% want it to continue.

Conclusion(s): Drive-up INR testing improved attendance and was well received; may reduce barriers beyond the pandemic.

Keywords: anticoagulation; INR; rural; drive-up; attendance; Illinois

Access here.

Abshir, Ifrah; White, Katie M.; Farley, Joel F.; Sorge, Lindsay A.; Pradeep, Swetha; Cannon, Athena; Tran, Kim; Pestka, Deborah L.

Research Report

Published Date: 07/28/2025

State(s): Minnesota

Objective(s): Identify factors influencing sustainability of CMM during transitions of care in FQHCs.

Method(s): Semi-structured interviews with 15 team members across six FQHCs; analysis mapped to EPIS framework.

Results: 29 codes/12 subcodes; sustainment aided by leadership, workflow, collaboration; hindered by billing limits and reliance on grants.

Conclusion(s): Multiple organizational and contextual factors influence long-term viability of CMM in ToC; insights guide sustainment.

Keywords: transitions of care; FQHC; comprehensive medication management; sustainability; EPIS; billing; leadership

Access here.

CPESN Arkansas

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): AR

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize targeted medication review services for identified patients.

Method(s): Contract with CSS Health for targeted medication reviews.

Results: Participating pharmacies deliver medication review interventions for identified patients.

Conclusion(s): Third-party partnerships can scale medication review capacity in community pharmacies.

Keywords: MTM; medication review; adherence; chronic care

Access here.

Oyadomari, Keri; CPESN Hawaii

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): HI

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize in-home COVID vaccination service for small care homes.

Method(s): Pharmacists delivered vaccines in-home to small care, group, and foster homes under DOH grant.

Results: Improved access for homebound and congregate settings; multi-site coverage.

Conclusion(s): Home-based vaccination by pharmacists improves equity for vulnerable populations.

Keywords: vaccination; home health; COVID-19; equity; access

Access here.

Grooms, Tori

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): NC

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe MTM outreach to Medicare-identified patients under a large MCO.

Method(s): CPESN NC pharmacist documents outreach and MTM service delivery for Medicare patients.

Results: Improved access to MTM for Medicare beneficiaries via targeted outreach.

Conclusion(s): Network-enabled MTM can address medication-related problems in older adults.

Keywords: Medicare; MTM; adherence; chronic care

Access here.

CPESN Pennsylvania; Chichi Ilonzo Momah

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): PA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Showcase two Community Connected success stories on serving special populations.

Method(s): Inclusive service practices for deaf and hard-of-hearing patients in PA.

Results: Improved communication and access for deaf/HoH patients in PA

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies adapt operations to meet unique needs of local populations.

Keywords: accessibility; deaf; hard of hearing

Access here.

CPESN Colorado

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): CO

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe state grant support for DSME, BP monitoring, and related services.

Method(s): Colorado Health Dept grant supports chronic care services through CPESN CO pharmacies.

Results: Expanded access to DSME, BP monitoring, and related services.

Conclusion(s): Targeted grants can expand pharmacy-led chronic care management.

Keywords: chronic care; DSME; hypertension; prevention

Access here.

Rhodes, Laura

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): FL

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe enhanced MTM delivery for diabetes/hypertension patients under a commercial health plan.

Method(s): Contracted enhanced MTM services provided in-person or via telehealth.

Results: Expanded pharmacist-led disease management for commercially insured patients.

Conclusion(s): Commercial plan partnerships can scale pharmacist MTM for chronic disease management.

Keywords: diabetes; hypertension; MTM; telemedicine; commercial plan

Access here.

CPESN Hawaii

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): HI

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe brief med reviews for 65+ populations under HMSA support.

Method(s): CPESN HI pharmacies perform brief med reviews for older adults.

Results: Improved medication understanding and adherence among seniors.

Conclusion(s): Short pharmacist interventions can address medication risks in older adults.

Keywords: medication review; older adults; Medicare; adherence

Access here.

CPESN Kentucky

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

Published Date: 6/18/2025

State(s): KY

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Highlight grant-funded strategies to increase pneumococcal vaccination among underserved Black and Spanish-speaking adults.

Method(s): Value-based payment model with community partnerships; outreach and pharmacist-led clinics.

Results: Model increased vaccination access and provides a template for replication across networks.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacist-led, value-based vaccination programs can reduce disparities in underserved populations.

Keywords: equity; vaccine; vaccination; value-based; outreach; rural

Access here.

Lino's Pharmacy team

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): TX

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe how medical billing supports enabled new revenue and time for patient care.

Method(s): Lino’s Pharmacy adopted medical billing beginning with a vaccine hesitancy program; identified additional care gaps.

Results: New revenue streams supported more pharmacist time with patients; uncovered unmet needs.

Conclusion(s): Medical billing infrastructure can strengthen clinical service sustainability in community pharmacies.

Keywords: medical billing; vaccination; reimbursement; workflow; access

Access here.

CPESN Minnesota

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MN

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize MTM services for Medicaid/Medicare patients with chronic conditions.

Method(s): In-person and telehealth MTM across CPESN Minnesota pharmacies.

Results: Expanded access to pharmacist-provided MTM statewide.

Conclusion(s): Network models can scale MTM for public payers.

Keywords: Medicaid; Medicare; MTM; telemedicine; chronic care

Access here.

CPESN Missouri; CPESN Health Equity

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MO

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe how CHW engagement in vaccine hesitancy programs informed broader Health Equity efforts.

Method(s): HRSA-funded vaccine hesitancy outreach using CHWs; lessons scaled into CPESN Health Equity initiative.

Results: Improved vaccine uptake and community engagement; foundation for network-wide equity program.

Conclusion(s): Embedding CHWs in pharmacy programs can catalyze durable equity initiatives.

Keywords: CHW; equity; vaccination; health literacy; outreach

Access here.

CPESN Missouri

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MO

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe payer-supported depression screening in community pharmacies.

Method(s): Pharmacist-administered depression screenings in St. Louis area; referral/education as needed.

Results: Improved identification of depression; pathway to appropriate care.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies can implement behavioral health screenings to close care gaps.

Keywords: risk assessment; behavioral health; depression; screening

Access here.

CPESN North Carolina

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): NC

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe a collaborative Medicare adherence improvement effort for AFib patients.

Method(s): Multi-partner adherence program focused on Medicare AFib population; CPESN NC pharmacies participate.

Results: Improved adherence expected among targeted patients.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies are critical partners in Medicare adherence initiatives.

Keywords: adherence; anticoagulation; Medicare; AFib

Access here.

CPESN North Carolina

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): NC

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Outline a managed-care pilot to improve adherence among diabetes patients.

Method(s): CPESN NC pharmacists deliver adherence interventions for Medicaid beneficiaries.

Results: Pilot aims to improve adherence and reduce complications in diabetes.

Conclusion(s): Managed-care pilots can leverage community pharmacists to address chronic disease in Medicaid.

Keywords: adherence; diabetes; Medicaid; med sync; MTM

Access here.

Wagers, Rebecca

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): TN

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Demonstrate how flu and fall risk assessments inform proactive care in NETN.

Method(s): Emergent ACO collaboration; >3,500 assessments (flu and fall) completed and used for follow-up care.

Results: Risk assessments used to improve patient health and safety; support proactive interventions.

Conclusion(s): Brief pharmacist-administered assessments can catalyze population health actions.

Keywords: risk assessment; vaccination; falls; Medicare; ACO; population health

Access here.

CPESN South Dakota; South Dakota Dept of Health

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): SD

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Outline expansion of cardiovascular risk screening/education via pharmacies.

Method(s): State Dept of Health partnership to provide CVD risk screening and education in communities.

Results: Program expansion to more sites; increased community engagement.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacies can extend statewide CVD risk reduction capacity.

Keywords: risk assessment; cardiovascular; prevention; education

Access here.

Temple, Laura

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): TX

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe use of asthma severity technology to guide therapy.

Method(s): Pilot with technology tool to assess severity and adjust therapy at pharmacy.

Results: Therapy adjustments and better asthma control reported.

Conclusion(s): Embedding decision-support technology in pharmacy can improve asthma management.

Keywords: asthma; technology; decision support; telemedicine

Access here.

CPESN West Virginia; Carewell Pharmacy

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

Published Date: 6/19/2025

State(s): WV

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Illustrate how a grant-funded community pharmacy program supports hypertension management and reimbursable care coordination in rural WV.

Method(s): Program description: patients record home blood pressure readings and report to pharmacist; eCare plans and coordinated care with physicians.

Results: eCare plans triggered reimbursement with bonus opportunities when patients met goals; Carewell Pharmacy served as one of three participating sites.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacist-led remote BP monitoring with eCare plan documentation can improve outcomes and unlock value-based payments in rural settings.

Keywords: hypertension; medical billing; reimbursement; eCare plan; chronic care; risk assessment; telemedicine

Access here.

Conrad, Amber

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): WV

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe extension of a grant-funded Naloxone program through WV partners.

Method(s): Naloxone dispensing program with state health department and WV Drug Intervention Institute.

Results: Program renewed; increased community access to overdose prevention.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies are key access points for SUD harm-reduction services.

Keywords: naloxone; Substance Use Disorder; overdose; harm reduction; Medicaid

Access here.

McNamara, Anusha; Zhao, Milly; Lee, Shin-Yu

Clinical Pharmacy Research Report

Published Date: 06/22/2021

State(s): U.S. (General)

Objective(s): Examine MRPs resolved in telehealth vs face-to-face pharmacist visits.

Method(s): Retrospective observational cohort comparing two-week samples pre- and mid-pandemic.

Results: More MRPs resolved per encounter in FTF, particularly in select subgroups (e.g., <65 yrs, CKD not on dialysis).

Conclusion(s): Findings may guide which patients to prioritize for in-person pharmacist visits.

Keywords: telehealth; medication-related problems; COVID-19; primary care

Access here.

Livet, Melanie; Levitt, Jordana; Cardenas, Amy; Thomas, Jeremy; Lee, Alyssa; Pathak, Shweta; Curran, Geoffrey

Clinical Pharmacy Research Report

Published Date: 07/01/2021

State(s): North Carolina; Arkansas

Objective(s): Describe implementation and early effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered CMM telepharmacy in primary care clinics.

Method(s): Mixed-methods over first three months; stakeholder interviews/surveys/logs; administrative and implementation data.

Results: High implementation ratings; improved acceptability/feasibility over time; MTP resolution averaged 88%.

Conclusion(s): Model shows promise to expand access and evolve pharmacist roles via remote medication optimization.

Keywords: telepharmacy; CMM; rural; diabetes; implementation

Access here.

Ndungu, Martha; Babalola, R. Oluwafunmito; Brand, Melissa; Patel, Ravi

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 01/29/2025

State(s): Multiple U.S. states

Objective(s): Synthesize evidence on CGM use and outcomes in underserved adults with T2DM in low-income U.S. settings.

Method(s): Scoping review following PRISMA-ScR of studies up to May 2024. 15 studies included.

Results: CGM led to reductions in HbA1C, hypoglycemia, improved glucose control across low-income/underserved settings.

Conclusion(s): CGM improves diabetes outcomes in underserved populations; need for research on access and equity interventions.

Keywords: diabetes; CGM; underserved; equity; telemedicine; chronic care

Access here.

Foster, Amanda A.; Daly, Christopher J.; Logan, Tripp; Logan Jr, Richard; Jarvis, Heather; Croce, John; Jalal, Zarina; Trygstad, Troy; Jacobs, David M.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (JAPhA)

Published Date: 02/11/2022

State(s): New York; Missouri

Objective(s): Describe two community-pharmacy SDoH practice models and evaluate implementation using the RE-AIM framework.

Method(s): 3-month pilot across 10 pharmacies (NY=9; MO=1) using an SDoH specialist model and a CHW model; RE-AIM evaluation; CPESN care model.

Results: Social needs identified in 49 of 76 screens (65%); common needs were affordability of daily needs (33%) and health-system navigation (15%); staff cited gaps in assessment and referral tools.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies can implement SDoH screening/referral with defined workflows; training and tools strengthen adoption and impact.

Keywords: equity; MTM; training; risk assessment; reimbursement; delivery; SDoH

Access here.

Jarvis, Heather; Oprinovich, Sarah; Guthrie, Kendall

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (JAPhA)

Published Date: 11/03/2021

State(s): U.S. (unspecified)

Objective(s): Describe the implementation and early process/effectiveness metrics of a community pharmacy–run self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) program. [AI-drafted summary based on abstract]

Method(s): Program description and pilot evaluation in a community pharmacy including SMBP education/equipment workflows and care coordination. [AI-drafted summary based on abstract]

Results: SMBP was implemented with education and equipment workflows; early metrics suggest feasibility and utility for BP monitoring and care coordination. [AI-drafted summary based on abstract]

Conclusion(s): SMBP can be feasibly implemented in community pharmacies and may support chronic BP management; components appear replicable. [AI-drafted summary based on abstract]

Keywords: hypertension; SMBP; MTM; training; outcomes; technology; care coordination; reimbursement

Access here.

Goodman, Courtney S.; Chiulli, Dana L.; Seratt, Kimberly G.; Smith, Tammy J.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 12/07/2023

State(s): North Carolina; Virginia

Objective(s): Describe how mental health CPPs leveraged telehealth to expand access to CMM in MH clinics. Describes VISN 6 Clinical Resource Hub-Telemental Health (CRH-TMH) program with CPPs providing CMM via telemedicine.

Method(s): From 2021-2023: 5080 clinical encounters, shift from phone to video visits, implemented same-day access, expanded CPP coverage to 10 clinics.

Results: Telehealth by MH CPPs expanded access, supported SUD treatment, and optimized intake processes, demonstrating value of CPPs as advanced practice providers.

Conclusion(s): No conflicts. Views do not represent U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or U.S. Government.

Keywords: telemedicine; behavioral health; substance use disorder; CMM; veterans; access

Access here.

Rodis, Jennifer L.; Sevin, Alexa; Awad, Magdi H.; Porter, Brianne; Glasgow, Kyle; Hornbeck Fox, Carrie; Pryor, Barbara

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health

Published Date: 04/01/2017

Objective(s): Increase proportion of patients with A1c and BP in control; characterize MTM problems addressed.

Method(s): Multi-site prospective project at three FQHCs with MTM-trained pharmacists.

Results: Significant improvements in diabetes and hypertension control; numerous DRPs identified/resolved.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacist-delivered MTM in FQHCs improves outcomes and supports chronic disease management.

Keywords: MTM, diabetes, hypertension, FQHC, chronic care

Access here.

Patterson, Brandon J.; Bakken, Brianne K.; Doucette, William R.; Urmie, Julie M.; McDonough, Randal P.

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (RSAP)

Published Date: 01/01/2017

State(s): Iowa

Objective(s): Examine how informal learning among pharmacy staff supports the delivery and sustainment of clinical services in community pharmacy.

Method(s): Single-site case study at an Iowa independent community pharmacy; nine semi-structured staff interviews; qualitative analysis mapped to an informal learning model.

Results: Identified feedback, reflection, workflow adaptation, and team communication as central to implementing and sustaining clinical services.

Conclusion(s): Informal workplace learning is a practical lever to scale and sustain patient-care services; model warrants further study across sites.

Keywords: training; workforce; clinical services; MTM; implementation; service innovation

Access here.

Patterson, Mark E.; Eisenbeis, Annie; Stone, Ashley; Galdo, John A.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (JAPhA)

Published Date: 06/02/2025

State(s): Missouri

Objective(s): Describe and evaluate Missouri’s pharmacy-based vaccine gap closure program using CHW-trained pharmacy technicians to improve immunization coverage and equity. [AI-drafted summary from program/publisher descriptions]

Method(s): Program implementation and evaluation report across participating pharmacies and partners; mixed operational metrics. [AI-drafted summary]

Results: Early outcomes included increased vaccine coverage, CHW-supported interventions, added pharmacy revenue, and estimated health-system cost savings. [AI-drafted summary]

Conclusion(s): Embedding CHW-trained technicians in pharmacies can close immunization gaps when paired with payer and public-health partnerships; staffing remains a barrier. [AI-drafted summary]

Keywords: vaccine; vaccination; equity; SDoH; workforce; training; reimbursement; partnerships

Access here.

Baggett, Amy Catherine; CPESN Mississippi

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MS

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize early encounter outcomes for Magnolia Health Medicaid patients.

Method(s): Pharmacist encounters targeting asthma, ADHD, diabetes; renewal to expand to COPD.

Results: 200+ encounters for 97 Medicaid members in seven months; expansion to COPD planned.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacist encounters can close gaps for Medicaid members across chronic conditions.

Keywords: asthma; COPD; diabetes; Medicaid; encounters; adherence

Access here.

Kropp, Caley M.; Huber, Nichelle L.; Sager, David; Tripp, Connor; Burch, Ashley; Naniwadekar, Amol; Nekkanti, Ravi; Sadaf, Muhammad I.; Mounsey, James P.; Sears, Samuel F.

Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care

Published Date: 02/01/2020

State(s): U.S. (unspecified; study sites = two rural pharmacies)

Objective(s): Determine atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence and characterize stroke risk factors among participants screened with mobile ECG (mECG) in rural pharmacies.

Method(s): Community screening of walk-in customers at two rural pharmacies; risk questionnaire; single-lead mECG for those with ≥2 risk factors.

Results: Identified previously undiagnosed AF and high prevalence of modifiable risk factors among rural participants screened with mECG.

Conclusion(s): mECG screening in pharmacies may be a useful, scalable strategy to detect AF earlier in at-risk rural populations.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation; screening; mobile ECG; stroke; risk factors; prevention; telehealth

Access here.

Western Wisconsin Health; Herrera, Karen S. A.

Western Wisconsin Health — Redefining Rural Healthcare

Published Date: 05/16/2025

State(s): Wisconsin

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Showcase the first MTM pharmacist role within a rural health system and its impact.

Method(s): Interview with an MTM pharmacist in a rural system.

Results: [AI Generated] Role delineation, clinical impact examples, and implementation lessons.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Embedding MTM pharmacists can strengthen rural care access and outcomes.

Keywords: MTM; rural; care transitions; diabetes; hypertension

Access here.

CPESN USA; Health Quality Innovators

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): KS; MO; SC; VA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize payment structure and outcomes for LTC vaccine program across four states.

Method(s): HQI & CPESN networks partnered to boost COVID vaccination rates in LTC with bonus payments and Medicare rates.

Results: Higher vaccination rates in LTC; bonus opportunity for pharmacies.

Conclusion(s): Aligned incentives accelerate pharmacy-led vaccination in long-term care settings.

Keywords: Medicare; vaccination; medical billing; reimbursement; LTC

Access here.

McFarland, M. Shawn; Nelson, Jordan; Ourth, Heather; Groppi, Julie; Morreale, Anthony

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 09/13/2019

State(s): Virginia; Texas

Objective(s): Highlight how VA clinical pharmacy specialists (CPS) are integrated into Patient-Aligned Care Teams to provide clinical services and comprehensive medication management.

Method(s): Review of VA CPS integration into primary care under global or practice area-based scope of practice with prescriptive authority.

Results: CPSs increase access and quality of care by providing CMM and disease management (e.g., anticoagulation, pain, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure).

Conclusion(s): VA CPSs autonomously collaborate in primary care to improve access and care quality; model has potential to be applied in other systems.

Keywords: Veterans Health Administration; clinical pharmacy specialist; primary care; CMM; access; PACT; prescriptive authority

Access here.

Rodis, Jennifer L.; Irwin, Adriane N.; Valentino, Alexa S.; Erdmann, Ashley M.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Objective(s): Synthesize literature on pharmacist roles in FQHCs.

Method(s): Narrative review of 54 manuscripts and abstracts describing pharmacist care in FQHCs. Pharmacists provide interprofessional, multifaceted care in chronic disease, preventive care, infectious disease, pain management, population health, and telehealth.

Results: FQHC pharmacists play critical and evolving roles; more rigorous and standardized research is needed.

Conclusion(s): FQHC pharmacists play critical and evolving roles; more rigorous and standardized research is needed.

Keywords: FQHC; access; pharmacist roles; narrative review; telehealth

Access here.

Osae, Sharmon P.; Chastain, Daniel B.; Young, Henry N.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 01/08/2022

Objective(s): Present actionable, SDOH-aligned interventions for pharmacists to pursue health equity.

Method(s): Narrative review framing interventions across five SDOH domains.

Results: Catalogs practical pharmacist actions to reduce disparities and bias.

Conclusion(s): Intentional, SDOH-focused practice can advance health equity.

Keywords: health equity; SDOH; strategies; pharmacist interventions

Access here.

Osae, Sharmon P.; Chastain, Daniel B.; Young, Henry N.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 11/10/2021

Objective(s): Provide SDOH framework for understanding health disparities and pharmacist roles.

Method(s): Narrative review (PubMed/Web of Science through May 9, 2021).

Results: Highlights links between SDOH, medication use, and outcomes; identifies contributing factors to gaps in care.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacists are positioned to lead systems changes to reduce disparities.

Keywords: SDOH; disparities; medication use; utilization; outcomes; equity

Access here.

Denninger, Jade; Jakeman, Bernadette; Arnett, Jonathan; Bachyrycz, Amy

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

State(s): New Mexico

Objective(s): Describe training and deployment of pharmacy student interns to administer intradermal monkeypox vaccines.

Method(s): Program description; students administered 355 subcutaneous and 534 intradermal doses.

Results: Demonstrated feasibility of training students to provide intradermal vaccination during an outbreak.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacy students can be rapidly trained to expand vaccination capacity for public health needs.

Keywords: vaccination; monkeypox; intradermal; students; public health; New Mexico

Access here.

Tofighi, Babak; Martino, Daniele C.; Lekas, Helen‑Maria; Williams, Sharifa Z.; Blau, Chloe; Lewis, Crystal F.

Journal of Substance Use

Published Date: 04/28/2023*

State(s): New York

Objective(s): Identify factors influencing implementation of New York State’s opioid overdose prevention program (OOPP) to increase naloxone dispensation in rural and small metro pharmacies.

Method(s): Qualitative study with in-person, semi-structured interviews of pharmacists in rural and small metro areas; thematic analysis.

Results: [AI Generated] Facilitators included training, standing orders, workflow integration, and community partnerships; barriers included stigma, liability concerns, stocking/cost issues, and limited reimbursement.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Strengthening training, reducing stigma, and aligning reimbursement and logistics can scale naloxone access via community pharmacies in rural/small-metro regions.

Keywords: naloxone; overdose prevention; rural; pharmacy; stigma; training; reimbursement; public health

Access here.

Mobley-Bukstein, Wendy (guest); McDonough, Randy (host)

Emerging Leaders Podcast (PSW/IPA/TPA)

Published Date: 08/08/2024

State(s): IA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Showcase ambulatory care pharmacist CDCES role at an Iowa FQHC, including billing and sustainability.

Method(s): Interview.

Results: [AI Generated] Describes service development, billing, and clinical outcomes focus.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Ambulatory care pharmacists can expand diabetes care capacity in FQHCs.

Keywords: FQHC; diabetes; CDCES; ambulatory care; billing

Access here.

Pastakia, Sonak D.; Clark, Alycia; Lewis, Katie; Taugher, Damon; Patel, Rajal; Ali, Liz; Wu, Cecilia; Butler, Racheal; Bateman, M. Thomas; McCarthy, Caitlin; Vargas, Joanne; Poulsom, Carrie

Clinical Pharmacy Research Report

Published Date: 12/19/2021

Objective(s): Assess changes in HbA1c and BP following CMM services at FQHCs funded by BD HBHC.

Method(s): Standardized monitoring templates from 8 FQHC awardees; paired t tests for HbA1c, SBP, DBP changes at 6 months.

Results: n=2,502; HbA1c: 9.4→8.2 (Δ1.2, p<.01); SBP: 140.8→130.2 mmHg (Δ10.5, p<.05); DBP: 83.1→78.9 mmHg (Δ4.15, p<.05).

Conclusion(s): CMM associated with significant improvements; further rigorous studies warranted.

Keywords: diabetes; CMM; HbA1c; blood pressure; FQHC; health equity

Access here.

Khartabil, Nadia; Haghparast, Parna; Al-Chokachi, Zahra; Clemens, Emily

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Published Date: 11/27/2023

Objective(s): Investigate impact of pharmacist-led initiatives on safe medication use in mental health populations.

Method(s): Narrative review (2000–Sep 2023) across PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.

Results: 13 studies (4488 patients, 51 pharmacists); interventions targeted DRPs, adherence, and appropriate prescribing. Pharmacists can reduce DRPs and rehospitalizations; more research is needed to quantify impact.

Conclusion(s): Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Keywords: medication safety; behavioral health; adherence; chronic care; pharmacist interventions

Access here.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1900

Ban, Anusha; Shrestha, Ashish; Van den Berk-Clark, Carissa; Ballard, Janice; Logan Jr, Richard; Logan Sr, Tripp; Francioni, Anne; Murray, Megan; Baker, Elizabeth A.

Frontiers in Public Health

Published Date: 03/27/2024

State(s): Missouri

Objective(s): Assess community health workers’ perspectives on engagement and communication strategies that increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake in rural southeast Missouri.

Method(s): Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and narrative analysis with CHWs engaged in a 16-county COVID-19 Response Network.

Results: Trust in the messenger and personal-story messaging facilitated uptake; fear-based messages were counterproductive. Collaboration with community pharmacies and local partners was central.

Conclusion(s): Leveraging trusted CHWs and cross-sector partnerships (including pharmacies) improved rural vaccine outreach and can inform future public health campaigns.

Keywords: vaccine; vaccination; equity; rural health; training; partnerships

Access here.

CPESN Pennsylvania; UPMC Health Plan

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): PA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share renewal allowing pharmacists to continue medication management for Medicaid patients.

Method(s): Renewed CPESN PA statewide program with UPMC Health Plan.

Results: Continued pharmacist support for asthma, COPD, and diabetes medication therapy management.

Conclusion(s): Statewide Medicaid partnerships sustain pharmacist-led chronic disease management.

Keywords: Medicaid; asthma; COPD; diabetes; MTM

Access here.

O'Connell, Joan; Grau, Laura; Manson, Spero M.; Bott, Anne Marie; Sheffer, Kyle; Steers, Randy; Jiang, Luohua

Clinical Pharmacy Research Report

Published Date: 05/11/2022

State(s): Alaska; Arizona; New Mexico

Objective(s): Describe characteristics and social determinants associated with clinical pharmacy utilization by AI/ANs with CVD using IHS/Tribal services, and assess changes in systolic blood pressure.

Method(s): Retrospective analysis of Indian Health Service data for 9,844 adults with CVD; logistic regression and propensity score models examined pharmacy service use and SBP outcomes.

Results: 15% of adults with CVD used services. Use higher with CHF, vascular disease, diabetes, anticoagulation; lower with Medicaid coverage and longer travel. Service use linked to lower odds of elevated SBP.

Conclusion(s): Health status and SDOH influence pharmacy utilization. Findings may assist IHS/Tribal health programs in optimizing services.

Keywords: American Indian; Alaska Native; cardiovascular disease; clinical pharmacy; blood pressure; social determinants; access

Access here.

CPESN Ohio; Day, Kevin

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): OH

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize multi-program strategy aligning value-based arrangements, fair dispensing, and medical billing to improve Medicaid performance.

Method(s): Network-level payer programs including CareSource value-based arrangement, dispensing parity, and medical billing.

Results: Strong 2024 care-gap results for Medicaid patients across CPESN Ohio.

Conclusion(s): Combining value-based payer models with fee-for-service billing can drive outcomes and sustainability.

Keywords: Medicaid; medical billing; value-based; adherence; care gaps

Access here.

Rubinstein, Ellen B.; DuPont, Emily G.; Bergman, Ashley J.; Wanner, Hailey M.; Maack, Blake J.; Heinemann, Laura L.

Human Organization

Published Date: 01/01/2025*

State(s): North Dakota

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Ethnographically examine how independent community pharmacists (focus: North Dakota) navigate the business of U.S. healthcare—reimbursement, accessibility, and public-health roles.

Method(s): [AI Generated] Qualitative ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with independent community pharmacists; field observations and document review (applied anthropology study).

Results: [AI Generated] Themes included professional precarity, administrative burden (PBMs/insurers), uncompensated clinical services, rural accessibility challenges, and integration with public health efforts.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Policy and payment reforms are needed to sustain community-pharmacy clinical services; aligning reimbursement with delivered care can strengthen access in rural and underserved areas.

Keywords: reimbursement; PBM; sustainable access; workforce; rural; public health; partnerships

Access here.

Gonzalvo, Jasmine D.; Meredith, Ashley; Adeoye-Olatunde, Omolola; Kimiecik, Carlyn; Pastakia, Sonak; Rodriguez, Natalia; Ruiz, Yumary; Ott, Carol; Schellhase, Ellen; Crawford, Elizabeth; Crowe, Susie; Samuel, Jeffrey; Conklin, Megan; Adams, Jerome; Karwa,

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

State(s): Indiana

Objective(s): Describe development and activities of Purdue CHEqI center to address social determinants of health and health inequities.

Method(s): Describes CHEqI’s interdisciplinary engagement, education, and research initiatives.

Results: Identifies five strategies for optimizing health equity efforts in pharmacy education and practice.

Conclusion(s): CHEqI provides a model for integrating health equity into pharmacy education, practice, and research.

Keywords: health equity; SDOH; education; practice model; partnerships

Access here.

Bolus, Anthony (host)

Healthy Dose (Samford University)

Published Date: 06/05/2024

State(s): Alabama (host institution); multiple states (policy focus)

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Discuss policy impacts of HR1770, including rural pharmacy deserts.

Method(s): Two-part interview/policy discussion.

Results: [AI Generated] Explores reimbursement pressures and policy solutions to sustain access.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Policy reform such as HR1770 may support community pharmacy access in underserved areas.

Keywords: policy; reimbursement; access; rural; deserts

Access here.

Walker's Pharmacy team

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

Published Date: 6/13/2025

State(s): LA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Show how CPESN Business Intelligence helps a rural pharmacy prioritize patients for clinical services.

Method(s): Descriptive case: Walker’s Pharmacy team uses BI dashboards to target med sync, adherence packaging, delivery, and Pharmacy Care at Home services.

Results: More informed team decisions and proactive outreach to eligible patients in Livonia, LA.

Conclusion(s): Applying analytics in community pharmacy can expand services and improve access for rural residents.

Keywords: med sync; adherence; delivery; PCAH; analytics; data; medical billing

Access here.

Surescripts

Surescripts Data Brief

Published Date: 2024

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize national data trends in care team interoperability and prescribing ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Aggregated e-prescribing and health information exchange data ().

Results: [AI Generated] Shows increasing pharmacy-clinician data exchange; opportunities for collaboration ().

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Data-driven coordination can support access and chronic disease management ().

Keywords: IT, interoperability, eRx, data, care team

Access here.

Leikach, Dixie

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): DC; DE; MD

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize DMV regional network outcomes under Elevance/CarelonRx programs.

Method(s): Short video briefing of multi-state HEDIS care-gap closure program and other wins.

Results: Maryland pharmacists met encounter goals for HEDIS closure second year in a row; other DMV successes highlighted.

Conclusion(s): Regional collaboration with payers can deliver repeatable care-gap closure results.

Keywords: HEDIS; care gaps; Medicaid; Medicare; adherence; vaccination

Access here.

Faulkner, JD

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): IN

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe PBM/employer collaboration to deliver enhanced services via plan.

Method(s): Partnership with a PBM/employer client enables service delivery to covered lives.

Results: Expanded services and reimbursement for participating pharmacies.

Conclusion(s): Employer/PBM collaborations can diversify revenue beyond dispensing.

Keywords: employer; PBM; reimbursement; access; outcomes

Access here.

Osterhaus Pharmacy team

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): IA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Show how payer-funded encounters to close care gaps free pharmacists for direct patient care.

Method(s): Case example from Osterhaus Pharmacy helping a legally blind patient manage medications.

Results: More time for direct care and improved patient outcomes under payer-funded encounter model.

Conclusion(s): Encounter-based funding can enhance pharmacist impact on high-risk patients.

Keywords: care gaps; Medicaid; adherence; patient-centered; vision impairment

Access here.

Whitesitte, Rachel

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): WI

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Show how medical billing supports program increases reimbursement for a WI pharmacy.

Method(s): Case from Streu’s Pharmacy Bay Natural adopting new medical codes via Medical Billing Supports.

Results: Increased reimbursement; ~$8K in six months on a single code.

Conclusion(s): Targeted training/tools for medical billing can rapidly improve pharmacy revenue.

Keywords: medical billing; reimbursement; IT; revenue cycle; analytics

Access here.

Elmwood Pharmacy; CPESN Nebraska

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): NE

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe impact of Medicaid MCO coverage of adherence packaging and delivery.

Method(s): Elmwood Pharmacy example expanding services under coverage.

Results: Expanded adherence packaging and delivery capacity.

Conclusion(s): Coverage for supportive services enables rural pharmacies to scale adherence support.

Keywords: adherence; delivery; Medicaid; packaging

Access here.

CPESN Pennsylvania (PPCN)

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): PA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize expansion toward full-scope services with medical billing.

Method(s): Expanded Medicaid MCO contract enables broader services and positions pharmacies for medical billing.

Results: More comprehensive pharmacist services delivered to Medicaid patients statewide.

Conclusion(s): Medicaid MCO partnerships can accelerate transition to provider-status billing.

Keywords: Medicaid; medical billing; chronic care; asthma; COPD; diabetes

Access here.

CPESN Utah

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): UT

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe opportunity for pharmacies to identify and refer eligible patients to clinical trials.

Method(s): Contract enabling CPESN Utah pharmacies to refer qualifying patients to drug development trials.

Results: Expanded non-dispensing revenue and patient access to research opportunities.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies can contribute to clinical research enrollment while diversifying revenue.

Keywords: clinical trials; recruitment; PGx; data; partnerships

Access here.

Wright, Kim; Brown, Rebecca; CPESN Virginia; UnitedHealthcare

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): VA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Highlight telehealth visits provided from community pharmacies for Medicaid patients lacking broadband or time.

Method(s): UHC + CPESN VA pilot provides in-pharmacy telehealth visits (Doctor Chat) for Medicaid patients.

Results: Improved access to same-day care for patients with barriers to travel/broadband.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacy-based telehealth hubs can close primary care access gaps for Medicaid populations.

Keywords: Medicaid; telemedicine; access; care hub

Access here.

Triyasakorn, Korawin; Nguyen, Elaine

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Published Date: 10/21/2023

Objective(s): Discuss rationale and considerations for cross-training pharmacy staff as CHWs.

Method(s): Commentary / narrative review.

Results: Outlines implementation factors and potential benefits.

Conclusion(s): CHW cross-training can help address social needs and improve adherence.

Keywords: training, CHW, adherence, SDOH

Access here.

Cabrera, Christopher

Houston Journal of Health Law & Policy

Published Date: 04/03/2025

State(s): U.S. (multi‑state analysis; examples include Arkansas; Oklahoma)

Objective(s): Analyze how ERISA preemption affects state regulation of PBMs and rural pharmacy access; propose reforms to protect rural communities.

Method(s): Doctrinal legal analysis of statutes and case law (e.g., Arkansas Act 900; Rutledge; Mulready) with policy evaluation and recommendations.

Results: Finds that broad ERISA preemption undermines state efforts to stabilize rural pharmacy markets; outlines state tools to regulate PBMs and recommends federal adjustments.

Conclusion(s): States are best positioned to ensure access to pharmacy services in rural areas; Congress and courts should recalibrate ERISA preemption to permit targeted PBM regulation.

Keywords: reimbursement; provider payments; Medicare; Medicaid; rural access; financial solvency; PBM

Access here.

CPESN USA

CPESN USA Evidence Flyer

Published Date: 01/18/2024

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize outcomes from CPESN local network programs ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Compilation of program metrics and case outcomes ().

Results: [AI Generated] Reductions in hospitalizations and ED use; improved adherence and HEDIS goal attainment ().

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Community-based pharmacy engagement yields measurable cost and quality improvements ().

Keywords: Medicaid, adherence, chronic care, reimbursement

Access here.

Pharmacy Times Hosts

Pharmacy Times — Pharmacy Focus

Published Date: 11/09/2020

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share how a rural pharmacy responded to COVID-19.

Method(s): Interview.

Results: [AI Generated] Operational adaptations for testing, vaccination, and patient communication.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Rural pharmacies adapted services to maintain access during COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; rural; vaccination; access

Access here.

Fraher, Erin P.; Slifkin, Rebecca T.; Smith, Laura; Randolph, Randy; Rudolf, Matthew; Holmes, George M.

The Journal of Rural Health

Published Date: 04/01/2005

State(s): Multi‑state (17 states; not itemized)

Objective(s): Establish a pre-MMA baseline of prescription volume, payer mix, and mail-order share to anticipate impacts of Medicare Part D on rural pharmacies.

Method(s): Descriptive analysis using IMS Health 2002 retail & mail-order data for the U.S. and a 17-state sample; rural vs. urban comparisons of payer sources.

Results: Baseline showed substantial interstate variation in payer mix; mail-order share was small. Anticipated shift from cash to third-party reimbursement under MMA with implications for rural independents.

Conclusion(s): Rural independent pharmacies may be negatively affected as business shifts to third-party payers; interstate variation matters for PDP region design and policy.

Keywords: Medicare; Part D; MMA; reimbursement; provider payments; rural pharmacy; Medicaid; mail‑order; financial viability; policy

Access here.

Look, Kevin; et al.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

State(s): Wisconsin

Objective(s): Assess access to community pharmacies in Wisconsin and relationship to primary care HPSAs.

Method(s): GIS and geospatial analysis of pharmacy locations vs. HPSAs.

Results: Identified access patterns and gaps; pharmacies present in many HPSAs.

Conclusion(s): Community pharmacies can help address access gaps in HPSAs; supports planning and policy.

Keywords: access, HPSA, rural, equity

Access here.

Authors per J Am Pharm Assoc article

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Published Date: 2024

Objective(s): Discuss a standard-of-care regulatory model enabling broader pharmacist clinical services.

Method(s): Policy/Commentary article.

Results: Argues standard-of-care model can unlock pharmacist-led services aligned with training.

Conclusion(s): Regulatory modernization could improve access and outcomes.

Keywords: provider payments, regulation, access, reimbursement

Access here.

Knox, Ryan P.; Gagneja, Deepen; Kraschel, Katherine L.

JAMA Health Forum

Published Date: 02/26/2021

Objective(s): Explain implications of SCOTUS decision (Rutledge v. PCMA) for independent pharmacies.

Method(s): Policy analysis/commentary.

Results: Decision supports state regulation of PBM payment methodologies, potentially aiding independent pharmacy sustainability.

Conclusion(s): Legal landscape can improve pharmacy solvency and access if states act under SCOTUS guidance.

Keywords: PBM; reimbursement; Supreme Court; Rutledge v. PCMA; independent pharmacy

Access here.

HME News Staff

HME News

Published Date: 10/04/2023

Objective(s): Report on independent pharmacies preparing to assist patients affected by chain closures and reduced hours.

Method(s): News summary of NCPA survey and market context.

Results: Many independents anticipate helping displaced patients; ongoing reimbursement issues noted.

Conclusion(s): Independent pharmacies can mitigate access gaps but face financial headwinds.

Keywords: access; closures; NCPA; independent pharmacy

Access here.

Hawryluk, Markian

KFF Health News

Published Date: 12/20/2021

Objective(s): Report on independent pharmacists filling access gaps as chains close in rural America.

Method(s): News feature including interviews and examples across rural communities.

Results: Independent pharmacies are stepping in to sustain access; challenges include reimbursement pressures.

Conclusion(s): Policy and market dynamics influence rural pharmacy sustainability; local pharmacies provide essential access.

Keywords: access; pharmacy deserts; rural; closures; PBM

Access here.

Independent Rx Forum Hosts

Independent Rx Forum

Published Date: 07/30/2024

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Discuss LTC-at-home models relevant to rural seniors and CPESN role.

Method(s): Interview.

Results: [AI Generated] Operational insights for LTC-at-home services.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Community pharmacies can support aging in place via LTC-at-home.

Keywords: LTC at home; seniors; CPESN; access

Access here.

Logan, Tripp

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MO

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share lessons on building local payer partnerships and leveraging grants.

Method(s): CPESN MO/USA luminary narrative on connecting local relationships and grants to payer programs.

Results: Practice development through grants and payer collaborations.

Conclusion(s): Persistent local engagement can open pathways to reimbursable clinical services.

Keywords: reimbursement; grants; partnerships; payer relations

Access here.

Pednekar, Priti; Peterson, Andrew

PLOS ONE

Published Date: 06/04/2018

State(s): Pennsylvania

Objective(s): Identify pharmacy deserts and assess accessibility of pharmacies/services for SPAP-enrolled older adults in Pennsylvania.

Method(s): Geocoded PACE enrollee addresses and pharmacy locations; calculated nearest-pharmacy distance (Haversine); census-tract analyses and hot-spot mapping.

Results: 39% of Pennsylvania census tracts were pharmacy deserts; deserts had fewer chain/independent pharmacies and less delivery/24-hr service; clusters concentrated in rural south-central, northwest, and northeast PA.

Conclusion(s): Significant urban–rural and racial/ethnic inequities in pharmacy access; approach generalizable to other programs/policies.

Keywords: access; pharmacy deserts; delivery; rural; equity; older adults; GIS; Medicare; Medicaid

Access here.

Schommer, Jon C.; Yusuf, Amin A.; Hadsall, Ronald S.

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (RSAP)

Published Date: 01/01/2014*

State(s): Minnesota

Objective(s): Describe changes in Minnesota’s community-pharmacy landscape (independent vs chain, specialty, location types) over 1992–2012.

Method(s): Longitudinal observational analysis using statewide pharmacy data; new categorization method; county-level comparisons.

Results: Vigorous market entry/exit; shifts in independent-to-chain ratio; growth of specialty pharmacies; expansion into supermarkets and clinics.

Conclusion(s): Minnesota’s pharmacy market changed substantially across two decades, informing access planning and sustainability strategies.

Keywords: access; pharmacy market; independents; chains; specialty pharmacy; sustainability; rural; equity

Access here.

Medicaid MCO Plan Renews, Expands (Florida example)

Rhodes, Laura; CPESN Florida

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): FL

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share how performance enabled expansion of payer programs in FL and TX.

Method(s): Network performance narrative; plan renewals and expansions.

Results: Expanded scope and scale of payer-funded pharmacy services.

Conclusion(s): Demonstrated outcomes can drive payer program renewals and expansion.

Keywords: Medicaid; reimbursement; expansion; outcomes

Access here.

https://vimeo.com/832803545

Systematic Review Journal

Published Date: 04/22/2016

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize how community pharmacists contribute to safer, more effective transitions of care and reduced readmissions.

Method(s): [AI Generated] Narrative review of care-transition services (med rec, discharge counseling, follow-up calls, TOC clinics).

Results: [AI Generated] Pharmacist participation associated with improved medication safety and reduced utilization.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Embedding pharmacists into care-transitions teams improves access and outcomes.

Keywords: care transitions; TOC; medication reconciliation; readmissions; MTM

Access here.

Brown, Rebecca

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

Published Date: 6/19/2025

State(s): VA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share early growth and reimbursement outcomes from adopting PCaH.

Method(s): Practice story from Family Pharmacy (Amelia, VA) expanding PCaH panel.

Results: PCaH patients increased from 4 to 25 in a short period; higher reimbursement levels.

Conclusion(s): Home-based pharmacist services can scale quickly and be financially sustainable.

Keywords: PCAH; medical billing; reimbursement; chronic care; home visits

Access here.

Rafie, Sally; Majerczyk, Daniel; Cieri-Hutcherson, Nicole; Campbell, Nicole; Stone, Rebecca; Leader, Lauren D.; Weddendorf, Elizabeth; McBane, Sarah; Karaoui, Lamis R.; Herman, Alexandra; Kaczmarski, Katie

PRN Opinion Paper

Published Date: 12/13/2023

Objective(s): Support pharmacist dispensing of mifepristone to expand access to medication abortion.

Method(s): Opinion summarizing safety/effectiveness and regulatory changes (REMS) enabling certified pharmacy dispensing.

Results: Argues distribution via pharmacies is appropriate; pharmacists can improve access while maintaining safety.

Conclusion(s): Encourages pharmacists to embrace roles in medication abortion care within communities.

Keywords: women's health; access; reimbursement; policy; equity

Access here.

Casey, Michelle M.; Moscovice, Ira; Davidson, Gestur

Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center

Published Date: Dec-05

State(s): U.S. (Rural hospitals nationwide)

Objective(s): To assess capacity of rural hospitals for medication safety practices with emphasis on pharmacist staffing

Method(s): National telephone survey of rural hospitals; statistical analysis

Results: Pharmacist staffing varied by hospital size and affiliation; technology adoption important for safety practices

Conclusion(s): Investment in pharmacist staffing and technology needed to improve rural hospital medication safety

Keywords: medication safety; staffing; technology; rural hospitals; telepharmacy

Access here.

Pharmacy Times Hosts

Pharmacy Times — Pharmacy Focus

Objective(s): [AI Generated] General content; some rural/underserved overlaps.

Method(s): Interview series.

Results: [AI Generated] Periodic rural-relevant topics covered.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Useful for policy and practice updates.

Keywords: policy; practice; rural; community

Access here.

Eisenbeis, Anne; et al.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Published Date: 2023

Objective(s): Quantify services provided by CPhTs cross-trained as CHWs and implementation lessons.

Method(s): Prospective multicenter cohort in three independent community pharmacies.

Results: 198 patient visits over 6 months; documented referrals and social needs addressed.

Conclusion(s): Cross-training CPhTs as CHWs is feasible and beneficial to patients.

Keywords: training, CHW, workforce, social determinants, adherence

Access here.

CEimpact; CPESN Community Health; USC Mann

CEimpact / CPESN Community Health / USC Mann

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe pharmacy-based CHW certificate training options and aims ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Program webpages describing curricula and schedules ().

Results: [AI Generated] Training builds skills to address SDOH and support pharmacist-led services ().

Conclusion(s): Pharmacy-based CHW training can expand workforce capacity and access.

Keywords: training, CHW, workforce, equity

Access here.

Multiple authors

National Rural Health Association

Published Date: 2015

State(s): U.S. (National)

Objective(s): To assess and recommend strategies for enhancing rural pharmacy workforce recruitment and retention

Method(s): Survey analysis and literature review

Results: Identified need for rural clinical experiences in pharmacy education to increase rural practice choice

Conclusion(s): Rural-focused education and financial sustainability essential for rural pharmacy success

Keywords: workforce; rural; recruitment; retention; education; financial sustainability

Access here.

Whitten, Suzanne; Osae, Sharmon P.; Palmer, Russ; Stone, Rebecca H.; et al.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (In press)

Published Date: 09/22/2025

State(s): Georgia

Objective(s): To explore administrator views on pharmacists’ role in collaborative drug therapy management in rural settings

Method(s): Interviews with rural health system administrators

Results: Administrators support pharmacists' expanded roles but cite challenges related to reimbursement and integration

Conclusion(s): Supportive environment but barriers remain for pharmacist-led rural care management

Keywords: rural; CDTM; administrators; reimbursement; integration

Access here.

RHIhub

Rural Health Information Hub (RHIhub) Topic Guide

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Provide an overview of rural pharmacy issues, data, and programs ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Curated evidence and resources ().

Results: [AI Generated] Summarizes workforce, access, and policy challenges and solutions ().

Conclusion(s): Useful background for rural pharmacy grant planning and policy.

Keywords: rural, access, workforce, policy

Access here.

ASHP Podcast Team

ASHP — Hot Topics in Pharmacy Practice

Published Date: 05/13/2021

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Discuss approaches to improving medication affordability and access in rural primary care.

Method(s): Interview/discussion with rural primary care pharmacists and partners.

Results: [AI Generated] Shared tools for cost containment, coverage navigation, and patient assistance.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Proactive medication cost management improves access and outcomes in rural primary care.

Keywords: Medicaid; Medicare; affordability; access; MTM; rural

Access here.

University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy Team

University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy (news)

Published Date: 09/11/2025

State(s): MN

Objective(s): Announce/describe Rural Rx Alliance support for rural health system pharmacy services.

Method(s): Descriptive news post highlighting collaboration and support activities.

Results: Illustrates how alliances can bolster rural pharmacy service expansion.

Conclusion(s): Collaborative networks can strengthen rural pharmacy capacity and access.

Keywords: rural; workforce; alliance; service expansion; partnerships

Access here.

UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; RURAL-CP team

UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy / RURAL-CP

State(s): Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe RURAL-CP practice-based research network scope and activities ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Program website describing network and participating states ().

Results: [AI Generated] Network unites rural pharmacies across AL, AR, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN to advance practice and research ().

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] RURAL-CP expands rural pharmacy services and research to reduce disparities ().

Keywords: rural, PBRN, workforce, practice-based research

Access here.

Advancing Pharmacist Payment Parity Workgroup

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Objective(s): Narrative review comparing state approaches to pharmacist reimbursement and proposing model characteristics.

Method(s): Systematic comparison of state legislation/regulations on pharmacist payment parity and reimbursable services.

Results: Summarizes affected payers, billable services, and key features across states.

Conclusion(s): Provides guidance to inform advocacy and development of equitable pharmacist payment mechanisms.

Keywords: payment parity; reimbursement; regulations; provider payments; policy

Access here.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; authors on PMC

PMC Article (General RPM Overview)

Published Date: 2020

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Explain RPM coding and services and implications for access ().

Method(s): [AI Generated] Narrative/overview article ().

Results: [AI Generated] Describes CPT codes and opportunities for remote monitoring programs ().

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] RPM can expand chronic disease management and access via telehealth ().

Keywords: telemedicine, chronic care, RPM, hypertension, diabetes

Access here.

Slomiany, Mark; Elliott, Eric

Marwood Group whitepaper; Pharmacy Times commentary

Published Date: 05/17/2022

Objective(s): Synthesize trends and arguments supporting independent pharmacy resurgence and role in access/community health.

Method(s): Whitepaper analysis (market trends, policy); commentary on access and community health contributions.

Results: Independent pharmacies provide tailored services and can expand access; market and policy factors shape viability.

Conclusion(s): Strengthening policy and payment models can sustain independent pharmacies’ role in access and equity.

Keywords: independent pharmacy; access; equity; reimbursement

Access here.

Moses, Carley; Brown, Rebecca; Wright, Kim

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): VA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe a Medicaid care-hub model that integrates pharmacy and same-day physician virtual visits.

Method(s): Program overview from CPESN Virginia implementation; expanded billing supports services delivered.

Results: Same-day care through CPESN pharmacies; expanded billing pays for needed health services.

Conclusion(s): Integrating virtual physician visits into community pharmacy can improve access for Medicaid patients.

Keywords: Medicaid; telemedicine; medical billing; access; care hub

Access here.

CPESN USA; Genemarkers

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): MI

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Summarize national payer program enabling pharmacies to collect PGx samples.

Method(s): CPESN pharmacies collect DNA samples for PGx testing under payer agreement.

Results: Expanded access to pharmacogenomics testing through community pharmacies.

Conclusion(s): Pharmacies can serve as convenient access points for PGx under payer programs.

Keywords: PGx; pharmacogenomics; testing; payer; chronic care

Access here.

Rubinstein, Ellen B.; Preugschas, Anna‑Helena; Skoy, Elizabeth; Nagel, Lisa; Larson, Mary

The Journal of Rural Health

Published Date: 01/01/2025

State(s): North Dakota

Objective(s): Describe independent pharmacists’ perceptions of relationships with public-health entities (pre-existing and pandemic-emergent), with rural/urban contrasts.

Method(s): Qualitative study of 42 interviews across 42 pharmacies (21 rural, 21 urban); deductive + inductive analysis; mapped relationships on axes of personal interaction vs. service provision.

Results: Four relationship types identified; rural pharmacists more often reported pre-pandemic personal interactions/service provision; many urban pharmacists’ public-health relationships arose due to COVID-19.

Conclusion(s): Mapping shows where partnerships are strong/fragile; leveraging pharmacists can extend public-health reach in medically underserved rural populations.

Keywords: partnerships; public health; vaccine; rural; workforce; community pharmacy

Access here.

Joyner, Pamela U.; O’Connor, Shanna K.; Thrasher, Kim A.; Blouin, Robert A.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Published Date: 12/11/2012

State(s): U.S. (General); North Carolina

Objective(s): To propose enhancements in pharmacy curricula to address rural health disparities

Method(s): Review of pharmacy education trends and needs analysis

Results: Pharmacy curricula lack rural health focus; recommends experiential training, recruitment, and tailored education

Conclusion(s): Rural health education is critical to prepare pharmacists for rural practice demands

Keywords: rural health; education; curriculum; workforce; training

Access here.

Marrs, Joel C.; Formea, Christine M.; Abdalla, Maha; Brual, Rochelle L.; Crowe, Susie J.; Freibert, Kirstie H.; Herink, Megan C.; Hoffman, Alexander R.; Philbrick, Ann M.; Prescott, Gina M.; Shahdoost Moghadam, Sara; Zhou, Crystal

ACCP Commentary

Objective(s): Highlight the roles clinical pharmacists can play in addressing health equity and eliminating health disparities, as well as identifying barriers, challenges, and solutions to increase pharmacist involvement in disparities research.

Method(s): Commentary providing examples of pharmacist-conducted health disparities research, potential training opportunities, and recommendations to expand pharmacist-led research in this area.

Results: Summarizes barriers and challenges to pharmacist involvement in disparities research, provides solutions including training and funding opportunities, and highlights examples of prior disparities-focused research by pharmacists.

Conclusion(s): Calls for expanded pharmacist-led research in health disparities, encouraging training, collaboration, and leadership to reduce health disparities and improve outcomes.

Keywords: health disparities; equity; research; workforce; training

Access here.

McFarland, M. Shawn; Stover, Kayla R.; Bhat, Shubha; Coon, Scott; Cooper, Mandelin; DiDomenico, Robert; Herbert, Sophia; Kessler, Sarah; Lee, Michelle; Maddox, Mary Margaret; Miller Quidley, April; Rhoney, Denise; Wooten, Leslie; Zhou, Yi

ACCP Commentary

Objective(s): Provide recommendations to expand and innovate pharmacy residency training.

Method(s): Commentary reviewing barriers and offering four recommendations with specific actions. Identifies barriers to residency expansion (funding, sites, preceptors); highlights areas for innovation and equity.

Results: Residency expansion is critical to meet ACCP’s vision; requires innovation, equity, and nontraditional pathways.

Conclusion(s): Residency expansion is critical to meet ACCP’s vision; requires innovation, equity, and nontraditional pathways.

Keywords: residency; workforce; training; equity; innovation

Access here.

Patterson, Brandon J.; Bakken, Brianne K.; Doucette, William R.; Urmie, Julie M.; McDonough, Randal P.

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (RSAP)

State(s): Iowa

Objective(s): Examine how informal learning among pharmacy staff supports the delivery and sustainment of clinical services in community pharmacy.

Method(s): Single-site case study at an Iowa independent community pharmacy; nine semi-structured staff interviews; qualitative analysis mapped to an informal learning model.

Results: Identified feedback, reflection, workflow adaptation, and team communication as central to implementing and sustaining clinical services.

Conclusion(s): Informal workplace learning is a practical lever to scale and sustain patient-care services; model warrants further study across sites.

Keywords: training; workforce; clinical services; MTM; implementation; service innovation

Access here.

Collins, Sonya; Cather, Chip; Logan, Tripp

American Pharmacists Association (APhA) CEO Blog

Published Date: 04/17/2025

State(s): Multiple U.S. states; Ohio

Objective(s): To describe the role of rural pharmacists involved in Project ECHO, addressing healthcare gaps in underserved communities

Method(s): Case examples and descriptive insights from rural pharmacists involved in Project ECHO

Results: Pharmacists participate via videoconference case presentations and collaborative management; better local care and cultural appropriateness achieved

Conclusion(s): Project ECHO supports pharmacists as critical healthcare providers in rural areas enhancing access and outcomes

Keywords: rural; Project ECHO; access; pharmacists; telehealth

Access here.

CPESN New York; Maggy Pharmacy

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): NY

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe impact of statewide Community Health Worker training for pharmacy teams.

Method(s): Grant-funded CHW training program; pharmacy technicians trained and deployed.

Results: Technician upskilling supported rural patient navigation and access; network recognized with 2024 IPRO Quality Award.

Conclusion(s): Cross-training pharmacy staff as CHWs can extend reach to rural and underserved populations.

Keywords: CHW; training; rural; access; workforce

Access here.

ASHP Advantage Faculty

ASHP — ASHP Advantage / Engaging the Experts

Published Date: 04/17/2024

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share expert guidance to comply with USP <797> for small and rural hospitals.

Method(s): Expert discussion.

Results: [AI Generated] Key steps and pitfalls for sterile compounding compliance in resource-limited settings.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Targeted training and standardized processes enable compliance.

Keywords: USP 797; sterile compounding; rural; compliance; training

Access here.

Hawes, Emily (guest); Auxier, Bill (host)

Rural Health Leadership Radio

Published Date: 07/25/2023

State(s): NC

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Discuss rural workforce and GME initiatives with a pharmacist leader.

Method(s): Interview.

Results: [AI Generated] Insights on rural residency development and pharmacy’s role.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Expanding rural training pathways supports workforce distribution.

Keywords: workforce; rural GME; access; training

Access here.

ASHP Podcast Team

ASHP — Educator Essentials

Published Date: 10/19/2021

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share practical strategies for precepting pharmacy learners in small and rural hospitals.

Method(s): Interview/discussion with rural preceptors and educators.

Results: [AI Generated] Examples of flexible precepting models, rotations, and learner support in resource-limited settings.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Intentional preceptor development and adaptable models can strengthen rural training capacity.

Keywords: precepting; residency; workforce; rural; training

Access here.

Linde, Abbi

CPESN USA (Vimeo)

State(s): WI

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Share practical tips for securing administrative, training, and implementation funds.

Method(s): Video guidance from CPESN WI MNF on eligible uses and strategy.

Results: Increased success securing non-patient-service grants to build capacity.

Conclusion(s): Targeted grant strategy can fund the infrastructure needed to expand pharmacy services.

Keywords: grants; training; implementation; sustainability

Access here.

University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy Team

University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy

Published Date: 03/31/2023

State(s): Minnesota; Upper Midwest region

Objective(s): To improve pharmacist and healthcare professional confidence and competence in clinical pharmacogenomics

Method(s): Collaborative telementoring with monthly sessions including didactics and case consultations

Results: Increased knowledge and application of pharmacogenomics in rural and underserved areas across the Midwest and beyond

Conclusion(s): PGx ECHO expands clinical use of pharmacogenomics through pharmacist-led education and consultation

Keywords: PGx; pharmacogenomics; education; ECHO; rural; training

Access here.

Formea, Christine M.; Schultz, April J.; Empey, Philip E.

Clinical Pharmacy Forum

Objective(s): Describe how clinical pharmacists can use pharmacogenomics to help close health disparity gaps.

Method(s): Conceptual review of precision medicine and PGx strategies to overcome barriers (diversity, access, economics, education, portability).

Results: Identifies ways PGx can individualize care and improve equity, especially for rural/underserved populations.

Conclusion(s): Clinical pharmacists leveraging PGx can help reduce disparities and promote health equity.

Keywords: pharmacogenomics; PGx; equity; disparities; precision medicine

Access here.

Multiple authors including pharmacists and PGx experts

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

Published Date: 06/08/2025

State(s): Multiple U.S.; Minnesota

Objective(s): To develop and assess a pharmacist-involved pharmacogenomics education ECHO program for healthcare

Method(s): Case-based educational telementoring with multidisciplinary learners including 42% pharmacists

Results: Learners improved confidence and skills in pharmacogenomics, enhancing patient medication management The education model supports pharmacist adoption of pharmacogenomics clinically

Conclusion(s): Not reported explicitly; case-based PGx ECHO model supports pharmacist adoption and clinical application

Keywords: PGx; pharmacogenomics; ECHO; education; case-based learning

Access here.

ASHP Podcast Team

ASHP — Clinical Conversations

Published Date: 11/13/2021

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Describe progressive virtual/telehealth care models for rural/underserved patients.

Method(s): Edited excerpts from an ASHP session; interview/discussion.

Results: [AI Generated] Examples of disease-focused models and standardized approaches for rural care.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Telehealth-enabled models can expand equitable access for underserved rural populations.

Keywords: telemedicine; rural; underserved; equity; access

Access here.

ASHP Podcast Team

ASHP — Pharmacy Leadership

Published Date: 04/04/2022

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Highlight a rural model where pharmacists prescribe COVID-19 antivirals to increase timely access.

Method(s): Interview/discussion format with rural health system leaders.

Results: [AI Generated] Practice insights on workflow, eligibility, and outcomes from pharmacist prescribing models.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Pharmacist prescribing can expand timely antiviral access in rural settings when supported by protocols.

Keywords: COVID-19; antiviral; telemedicine; access; rural

Access here.

University of Iowa Hosts; Panelists

From the Front Row (University of Iowa)

Published Date: 04/04/2024

State(s): IA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Panel of rural pharmacists on access and services.

Method(s): Panel discussion.

Results: [AI Generated] Examples of services and barriers in rural pharmacies.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Community pharmacies are vital access points in rural health systems.

Keywords: access; rural; services; independent

Access here.

Cramer, Tyler; Caron Jr., David T.; Johnicker, Kyle

ASHP — Hot Topics in Pharmacy Practice

Published Date: 08/17/2023

State(s): MO; MA; IL

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Provide approaches to metrics/benchmarking tailored to small and rural hospitals.

Method(s): Interview/discussion with rural hospital pharmacy leaders.

Results: [AI Generated] Practical metrics and benchmarking considerations for small/rural settings.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Customized metrics can inform performance and sustainability in small/rural hospitals.

Keywords: metrics; benchmarking; performance; rural

Access here.

Rx Radio Hosts

Rx Radio

Published Date: 9/24/2018

State(s): LA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] General practice stories with occasional rural/underserved overlap.

Method(s): Interview format.

Results: [AI Generated] Leadership journeys and practice innovations.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Story-driven insights support professional development.

Keywords: leadership; underserved; rural; practice

Access here.

Rx Radio Hosts

Rx Radio

Published Date: 10/9/2017

Objective(s): [AI Generated] General practice stories with occasional rural/underserved overlap.

Method(s): Interview format.

Results: [AI Generated] Leadership journeys and practice innovations.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Story-driven insights support professional development.

Keywords: leadership; underserved; rural; practice

Access here.

NCPA Foundation; Partners

Script Your Future (NCPA) — Medication Adherence campaign

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Promote medication adherence through community pharmacy campaigns.

Method(s): Interview/series.

Results: [AI Generated] Community engagement strategies for adherence.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Pharmacy-led adherence campaigns support chronic disease outcomes.

Keywords: adherence; MTM; chronic care; community pharmacy

Access here.

California Rural Health Association

This Is Rural Health

State(s): CA

Objective(s): [AI Generated] Broad rural health topics with occasional pharmacy intersection.

Method(s): Interview series.

Results: [AI Generated] Highlights models that may involve pharmacy collaborations.

Conclusion(s): [AI Generated] Useful context for pharmacy partnerships in rural systems.

Keywords: rural health; partnerships; access

Access here.

Lucas, Rachel C.; Govel, Jacob C.; Nasta, Gianna N.; Brooks, Mitchell; Clark, Taylor; McCall, Kenneth L.; Rola, Alexandra; Rouhana, Nicole; Seward, Simone; McGinley, Jacqueline

Research Report

Published Date: 06/27/2025

State(s): Maine; New York

Objective(s): Describe student perceptions of panel discussions in IPE, factors facilitating IPE, and learning outcomes.

Method(s): Qualitative descriptive study of student quotes (n=4339) from 18 post-TRUST retreat assessments, coded and analyzed against IPEC competencies.

Results: Panel discussions aligned with IPEC competencies; key themes identified in structure and outcomes; effective for promoting IPE learning outcomes.

Conclusion(s): Panel discussions support IPE competency achievement; strategies identified for effective use.

Keywords: interprofessional education; rural; underserved; IPEC; panel discussions; workforce training

Access here.